Drilling Engineering By Jj Azar Pdf Creator
ISBN 978-1-55563-114-7 Introduction It is almost certain that problems will occur while drilling a well, even in very carefully planned wells. For example, in areas in which similar drilling practices are used, hole problems may have been reported where no such problems existed previously because formations are nonhomogeneous.
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Therefore, two wells near each other may have totally different geological conditions. In well planning, the key to achieving objectives successfully is to design drilling programs on the basis of anticipation of potential hole problems rather than on caution and containment. Drilling problems can be very costly. The most prevalent drilling problems include pipe sticking, lost circulation, hole deviation, pipe failures, borehole instability, mud contamination, formation damage, hole cleaning, H 2S-bearing formation and shallow gas, and equipment and personnel-related problems. Understanding and anticipating drilling problems, understanding their causes, and planning solutions are necessary for overall-well-cost control and for successfully reaching the target zone.
This chapter addresses these problems, possible solutions, and, in some cases, preventive measures. During drilling operations, a pipe is considered stuck if it cannot be freed and pulled out of the hole without damaging the pipe and without exceeding the drilling rig ’ s maximum allowed hook load.
Differential pressure pipe sticking and mechanical pipe sticking are addressed in this section. Psp Go Explore Maps Isotope. Differential-Pressure Pipe Sticking Differential-pressure pipe sticking occurs when a portion of the drillstring becomes embedded in a mudcake (an impermeable film of fine solids) that forms on the wall of a permeable formation during drilling. If the mud pressure, p m, which acts on the outside wall of the pipe, is greater than the formation-fluid pressure, p ff, which generally is the case (with the exception of underbalanced drilling), then the pipe is said to be differentially stuck (see Fig. The differential pressure acting on the portion of the drillpipe that is embedded in the mudcake can be expressed as •.